《老年医学杂志A辑:生物科学与医学》(The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences)2016年7月12日发表了新加坡、美国、日本以及中国作者联合撰写的一篇论文,阐述了维生素D水平与中国老年人大脑认知能力衰退风险之间的关系。2016年7月27日,MedicalXpress网站对此进行了简要介绍。此项研究成果是由杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院(Duke-NUS Medical School)、美国杜克大学医学院(Duke University Schoolof Medicine)、日本筑波大学医学院(Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba)、中国疾病防控中心(Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention)、北京大学Raissun高级研究所(Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University)的研究人员合作完成的。
新加坡、美国、日本以及中国的研究人员合作进行的最新研究结果,是以中国老人为研究对象,随访了1202名年龄在60岁或者以上的、认知完整的中国老年人,随访持续时间为2年。采用简易智能测量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)来评价参与者的认知状态。认为当MMSE评价得分低于18时即为认知障碍;当MMSE评价得分偏离基线≥3时就认为是认知衰退。多变量逻辑回归模型被用来研究维生素D水平和认知能力下降和认知障碍的发生率之间的相关性。这也是首次大规模在亚洲进行的一项前瞻性研究,即研究维生素D状态与中国老年人认知衰退的风险和障碍之间的相关性。
无论性别和老年化程度,在此项研究开始之前维生素D水平较低的个体,认知能力表现出显著下降人数大约是维生素D水平正常的个体的两倍。此外,, SPAN>维生素D水平基线较低的个体,未来认知障碍的风险也会增加2~3倍。Duke-NUS医学院健康服务和系统研究项目主任(Director of theHealth Services and Systems Research Programme at Duke-NUS Medical School),也是该研究论文的第一作者戴维·马沙尔(David Matchar)教授说:“虽然此研究对象来自中国,但是其研究结果适用于亚洲地区,因为其大部分老年人还是华人,如新加坡就是一个例证。”
Background: Vitamin D has a neuroprotective function, potentially important for the prevention of cognitive decline. Prospective studies from Western countries support an association between lower vitamin D level and future cognitive decline in elderly people. No prospective study has examined this association in Asia.
Methods:This community-based cohort study of elderly people in China follows 1,202 cognitively intact adults aged ≥60 years for a mean duration of 2 years. Plasma vitamin D level was measured at the baseline. Cognitive state ofparticipants was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE score <18. Cognitive decline wasdefined as ≥3 points decline from baseline. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between quartiles of vitamin D levels with cognitive decline and incidence of cognitive impairment.
Results:Participants with low vitamin D level had an increased risk ofcognitive decline. Compared with the highest quartile of vitamin D levels, themultivariable odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence interval) for cognitive declinewere 2.1 (1.3–3.4) for the second highest quartile, 2.2 (1.4–3.6) for the thirdhighest quartile, and 2.0 (1.2–3.3) for the lowest quartile. The multivariable ORs of incident cognitive impairment for the second highest, third highest, andlowest versus highest quartiles of vitamin D levels were 1.9 (0.9–4.1), 2.6(1.2–5.6), and 3.2 (1.5–6.6), respectively.
Conclusions:This first follow-up study of elderly people, including theoldest-old, in Asia shows that low vitamin D levels were associated withincreased risk of subsequent cognitive decline and impairment.